Page 282 - Chemistry ICSE Class X

268 ICSE Chemistry – 10
ƒ Physical and chemical properties of compounds containing different
^ŽŵĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ ŽĨ functional groups are different.
compounds containing carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen are What are oxygen-containing functional groups
ͻഩ ůĐŽŚŽůƐ
ͻഩ ůĚĞŚLJĚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŬĞƚŽŶĞƐ The functional groups which contain oxygen in it are called oxygen-
ͻഩ ĂƌďŽdžLJůŝĐ ĂĐŝĚƐ containing functional groups. Some typical oxygen-containing functional
ͻഩ ƐƚĞƌƐ groups are,
ƒ Hydroxy or Alcoholic (– OH), ƒ Aldehydic (– CHO),
–
ƒ Ketonic (– CO), ƒ Carboxyl (– COOH),
ƒ Ether (R . O . Rc), ƒ Ester (– COOR).

Illustrative Questions

Q.1. Name the functional groups present in the following compounds:
(i) CH CH CH – OH (ii) CH CH CH COOH
3
2
2
2
3
2
(iii) CH – CH – CHO (iv) CH COCH CH CH 3
2
2
3
3
2
Ans. Functional groups
Compound
Formula Name
(i) CH CH CH OH – OH Hydroxyl (alcoholic)
2
2
3
(ii) CH CH CH COOH – COOH Carboxyl
3
2
2
(iii) CH CH CHO – CHO Aldehydic
3
2
.
.
(iv) CH CO CH CH CH 3 – C = O Ketonic
2
2
3
–
Q.2. Name some organic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups
that have been derived from methane.
Ans. Various compounds containing different functional groups obtained from
methane are:

ASSIGNMENT 1

Introduction to organic chemistry, Versatile nature of carbon, Isomerism, Functional groups

ϭ͘ tŚLJ ĚŽĞƐ ĐĂƌďŽŶ ĨŽƌŵ ĐŽǀĂůĞŶƚ ďŽŶĚƐ͍
Ϯ͘ tŚLJ ĚŽĞƐ ĐĂƌďŽŶ ƐŚŽǁ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŶĚĞŶĐLJ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĐĂƚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͍
ϯ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŝƐŽŵĞƌŝƐŵ͍ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŽĨ ŝƐŽŵĞƌŝƐŵ ƐŚŽǁŶ ďLJ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚƐ͘
ϰ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƚ ďLJ Ă ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉ ŝŶ ĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ͍ WŝĐŬ ŽƵƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚƐ͗
CH CH OH, CH CHO, CH COCH , CH COOH, CH COOC H ͘
3
2
2 ϱ
3
3
3
3
3
ϱ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂŵĞ ƚŚĞŵ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ /hW ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͗
(a) CH OH, (b) C H KK,͘
3
3 7
ϲ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƚ ďLJ Ă ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉ ŝŶ ĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ͍ 'ŝǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĨŽƌŵƵůĂ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉ ŝŶ ĞƚŚLJů
ĂůĐŽŚŽů͘