Page 257 - Chemistry ICSE Class X

Study of Compounds–Nitric Acid 243
Pt + 4[Cl] o PtCl 4
platinum chloride

What are the uses of nitric acid
Nitric acid is an important chemical reagent in commerce. It is used
ƒ In the manufacture of ammonium nitrate (NH NO ) and basic calcium
4
3
nitrate [CaO.Ca(NO ) ] which are important fertilizers.
3 2
ƒ In the manufacture of explosives like trinitrotoluene (T.N.T.),
PKVTQIN[EGTKPG GVE CTVKſEKCN UKNM F[GU CPF RNCUVKE CPF PKVTQ FGTKXCVKXGU
of organic compounds.
ƒ +P VJG RWTKſECVKQP QH IQNF CPF UKNXGT

ƒ In the manufacture of silver nitrate, which is used in making
RJQVQITCRJKE ſNOU CPF KP OGFKEKPG
ƒ As an important reagent in the laboratory.

ƒ As an oxidiser in rocket propellants.
What is the structure of nitric acid
Nitric acid is a monobasic acid and may be structurally represented as,

Gaseous nitric acid is a planar molecule. The bond length and bond
angles in nitric acid molecule are shown above.

ASSIGNMENT 1
Preparation, properties, uses and structure of nitric acid

ϭ͘ ,Žǁ ŝƐ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ŝŶ ůĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͍
Ϯ͘ WƵƌĞ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ŝƐ ĐŽůŽƵƌůĞƐƐ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ůĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ ŝƐ LJĞůůŽǁŝƐŚ͘ tŚLJ͍
ϯ͘ tŚLJ ŝƐ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ŝŶ Ăůů ŐůĂƐƐ ĂƉƉĂƌĂƚƵƐ͍
ϰ͘ ;ĂͿ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂĐƚĂŶƚƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ƚŚĞƌĞŝŶ͕ ďLJ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ŝƐ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞĚ͘
;ďͿ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ ŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ ŝŶ ;ĂͿ͘

ϱ͘ ŶƐǁĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ƚŽ KƐƚǁĂůĚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ͘
;ĂͿ tŚLJ ŝƐ ĞdžĐĞƐƐ Ăŝƌ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ͍
;ďͿ tŚLJ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞ ŐĂƐĞƐ ƐĞŶƚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƚĂůLJƟĐ ĐŚĂŵďĞƌ ďĞ ƉƵƌĞ͍
;ĐͿ tŚLJ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĞdžƚĞƌŶĂů ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƚĂůLJƐƚ ĐŚĂŵďĞƌ ƐƚŽƉƉĞĚ ŽŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ ƐƚĂƌƚƐ͍

ϲ͘ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚ ŽĨ ŚŽƚ ĐŽŶĐ͘ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ŽŶ ;ĂͿ ŽƉƉĞƌ ;ďͿ ŝŶĐ ;ĐͿ /ƌŽŶ
ϳ͘ ƌĂǁ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ŶŝƚƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ŵŽůĞĐƵůĞ͘
ϴ͘ tŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞĚ ĂĐŝĚ ǁŝůů ŽdžŝĚŝƐĞ ƐƵůƉŚƵƌ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJ ƚŽ ƐƵůƉŚƵƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ͍ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ͘