Page 14 - Chemistry ICSE Class X
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Periodic Properties and

                      1                    Variations of Properties




                                                                           (Physical and Chemical)


                                           ;QW  JCXG  TGCF  CDQWV  VJG  RGTKQFKE  ENCUUKſECVKQP  QH  GNGOGPVU  KP  ENCUU  +:
                   CONTENTS                *GTG YG TGXKGY VJG OCKP HGCVWTGU QH VJG /QFGTP 2GTKQFKE 6CDNG
                                                In 1911 after the discovery of electron and proton and the
          ͻ  DŽĚĞƌŶ ůŽŶŐ ĨŽƌŵ ƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ƚĂďůĞ
                                           FGXGNQROGPV QH PWENGCT OQFGN QH VJG CVQO  VJG &WVEJ RJ[UKEKUV #  XCP FGP
          ͻ  WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ   Broek suggested that the atomic number should prove a better basis of
            ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ
                                           ENCUUKſECVKQP QH GNGOGPVU KP RNCEG QH CVQOKE OCUU
          ͻ   ƚŽŵŝĐ ƐŝnjĞ                        +P       * ) ,  /QUGNG[  'PINCPF  EQPſTOGF VJCV VJG RTQRGTVKGU QH
          ͻ  DĞƚĂůůŝĐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ            GNGOGPVU  FGRGPF  QP  CVQOKE  PWODGT  TCVJGT  VJCP  CVQOKE  OCUU   6JKU  NGF
          ͻ  EŽŶŵĞƚĂůůŝĐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ         to the modern periodic law  6JG OQFGTP RGTKQFKE NCY UVCVGU VJCV  when
                                           the elements are arranged in the increasing order of atomic number,
          ͻ  /ŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ;Žƌ /ŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ
            ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůͿ                      elements with similar properties occur at regular interval.
                                                That is, “The properties of elements are periodic function of their
          ͻ  WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ /ŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ
            ĞŶĞƌŐLJ                         atomic numbers.”
          ͻ   ůĞĐƚƌŽŶ ĂĸŶŝƚLJ
                                           Modern Long Form Periodic Table
          ͻ  WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶ ĂĸŶŝƚLJ
          ͻ   ůĞĐƚƌŽŶĞŐĂƟǀŝƚLJ              6CMKPI  CVQOKE  PWODGT  CU  VJG  DCUKU  QH  ENCUUKſECVKQP  QH  GNGOGPVU   $QJT
          ͻ  &ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĂīĞĐƟŶŐ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶĞŐĂƟǀŝƚLJ  constructed a periodic table known as the  Long Form Periodic Table
                                           KP
          ͻ  WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
            ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶĞŐĂƟǀŝƚLJ                    In 1984, IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
          ͻ  ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĂƚŽŵŝĐ    recommended that the groups in the long form periodic table be numbered
            ŶƵŵďĞƌ ;ƉƌŽƚŽŶ ŶƵŵďĞƌͿ ĂŶĚ     HTQO VJG NGHV  CU   VQ
            ĂƚŽŵŝĐ ŵĂƐƐ ;ŵĂƐƐ ŶƵŵďĞƌͿ ĨŽƌ ůŝŐŚƚ   The long form periodic table relates the position of an element to its
            ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ
                                           GNGEVTQPKE EQPſIWTCVKQP
          ͻ   ůŬĂůŝ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂůŽŐĞŶƐ
                                           What are the features of the long form periodic table
                                           (IUPAC)
                                           The general features of the Long Form Periodic Table (IUPAC 1984) are:
                                             ƒ  Groups in the periodic table. The long form periodic table
                                                 +72#%       EQPUKUVU QH    XGTVKECN EQNWOPU ECNNGF ITQWRU  6JWU
                                                there are 18 groups in long form periodic table  6JGUG ITQWRU CTG
                                                numbered 1 to 18 from the left, using Arabic numerals  +P VJG $QJTŏU
                                                long form periodic table, the groups are numbered from left as
                                               IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA CPF
                    H.G.J. Moseley           ƒ  Blocks of elements in the periodic table. The periodic table is divided
                                                into HQWT DNQEMU DCUGF QP GNGEVTQPKE EQPſIWTCVKQP
                                                   Š s-block. 6JKU DNQEM EQPUKUVU QH ITQWRU   CPF
          ,LJĚƌŽŐĞŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚ Ă
          ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƉ ŽĨ ŐƌŽƵƉ ϭ͘    Š p-block. 6JKU DNQEM EQPUKUVU QH ITQWRU    VQ
                                                   The elements belonging to s- and p-blocks are called main group
                                                   elements
                                                   Š d-block. 6JKU DNQEM EQPUKUVU QH ITQWRU   VQ     'NGOGPVU N[KPI KP
                                                   this block are called transition elements
                                                   Š f-block. 6JKU DNQEM KU RNCEGF DGNQY VJG OCKP VCDNG  6JG GNGOGPVU
                                                   belonging to this group are called inner-transition elements
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