Page 82 - Chemistry ICSE Class X

70 ICSE Chemistry – 10

ƒ Ammonium hydroxide Š As a cleansing agent.
(NH OH) Š For preparing ammonium salts.
4
Š For manufacturing fertilizers, nylon
and nitric acid
ƒ Aluminium hydroxide Š For preparing antacids.
[Al(OH) ] In textile industry.
3
ƒ Magnesium hydroxide Š For preparing antacids.
[Mg(OH) ]
2
ƒ Sodium carbonate Š For washing clothes, manufacturing
(Na CO ) glass, detergent, etc.
3
2
ASSIGNMENT 4

General methods of preparation of bases, General properties of bases, Uses of bases

ϭ͘ ,Žǁ ǁŽƵůĚ LJŽƵ ŽďƚĂŝŶ
;ĂͿ Ă ďĂƐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ďĂƐĞ ;ďͿ ĂŶ ĂůŬĂůŝ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ďĂƐĞ͍
Ϯ͘ tŚLJ ĂůŬĂůŝƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ďĞ ůĞŌ ĞdžƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ Ăŝƌ͍
ϯ͘ hƐŝŶŐ ƐŽĚŝƵŵ ŵĞƚĂů ĂƐ ĂŶ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ ŐŝǀĞ ƚŚĞ ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶƐ
;ĂͿ LJ ƐLJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ;ďͿ LJ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚƐ
;ĐͿ LJ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ĚŝƐƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ ;ĚͿ LJ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶ͘
ϰ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚ ŽĨ Ă ďĂƐŝĐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ;Žƌ Ă ďĂƐĞͿ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ͍
;ĂͿ ZĞĚ ůŝƚŵƵƐപ;ďͿ ůƵĞ ůŝƚŵƵƐപ;ĐͿ DĞƚŚLJů ŽƌĂŶŐĞപ;ĚͿ WŚĞŶŽůƉŚƚŚĂůĞŝŶപ;ĞͿ dƵƌŵĞƌŝĐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͘
ϱ͘ ;ĂͿ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ͍
;ďͿ tƌŝƚĞ Ă ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐƵůƉŚƵƌŝĐ ĂĐŝĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŽĚŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ͍
ϲ͘ tŚĂƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ ǁŚĞŶ ĂŶ ĂůŬĂůŝ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ EĂK, ŝƐ ĂĚĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͍
;ĂͿ ĂƋƵĞŽƵƐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŽƉƉĞƌ ƐƵůƉŚĂƚĞ
;ďͿ ĂƋƵĞŽƵƐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĨĞƌƌŽƵƐ ƐƵůƉŚĂƚĞ
;ĐͿ ĂƋƵĞŽƵƐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ njŝŶĐ ƐƵůƉŚĂƚĞ
ϳ͘ ^ƚĂƚĞ ŽŶĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ďĂƐĞƐ͗
;ĂͿ ^ŽĚŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ ;ďͿ ŵŵŽŶŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ ;ĐͿ DĂŐŶĞƐŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ
;ĚͿ ůƵŵŝŶŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ ;ĞͿ ĂůĐŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ ;ĨͿ WŽƚĂƐƐŝƵŵ ŚLJĚƌŽdžŝĚĞ

Ions Present in Acids, Bases, Alkalis and their Solutions

The solutions of acids and bases/alkalis contain the following ions:
ƒ From an acid and its solution:
dŚĞ ƐĞůĨͲŝŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ;, KͿ ŝƐ +
2
ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶ͕ Š Cation: Hydronium ion (H O )
3
–
+
–
, K;lͿ U , ;aqͿ н K, ;aqͿ Š Anion: Hydroxide ion (OH ) [in very small amount: due to self-
2
ionisation of water]
ƒ From a base and its solution:
–
Š Anion: Hydroxide ion (OH )
+
Š Cation: Hydronium ion (H O ) [in very small amount: due to self-
3
ionisation of water]
The behaviour of such solutions depend upon the relative
+
–
concentrations of H O and OH . If
3
+
–
ƒ [H O ] > [OH ], then the solution is acidic.
3
+
–
ƒ [H O ] = [OH ], then the solution is neutral.
3
+
–
ƒ [H O ] < [OH ], then the solution is basic/alkaline.
3