Page 192 - Chemistry ICSE Class X

178 ICSE Chemistry – 10

ASSIGNMENT 1

Classification of elements into metals, nonmetals, metalloids,
Location of Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in periodic table,
General characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metals

ϭ͘ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚ͘
Ϯ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĨLJ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ůŝƐƚ͗ ^ŝůŝĐŽŶ͕ ĂƌďŽŶ͕ ^ƵůƉŚƵƌ͕ KdžLJŐĞŶ͕ ŽƉƉĞƌ͕ DĞƌĐƵƌLJ͕ ŝŶĐ͕ ŽƌŽŶ͕ WŚŽƐƉŚŽƌƵƐ
ϯ͘ tŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ dĂďůĞ͍
ϰ͘ ,Žǁ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĞƚĂůůŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶŵĞƚĂůůŝĐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ ĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ͍
ϱ͘ tŚŝĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ŵĞƚĂů͍
ϯ
ϭϬ
7 ϯ y͕ z͕ 
ϵ
ϭ
ϲ͘ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ĂůŬĂůŝ ŵĞƚĂůƐ͘ tŚŝĐŚ ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐ ƚĂďůĞ ŝƐ ŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚ ďLJ ĂůŬĂůŝ ŵĞƚĂůƐ͍
ϳ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ŶĂŵĞ ŽĨ ŐƌŽƵƉ //ƒ ;Žƌ ŐƌŽƵƉ ϮͿ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͍
ϴ͘ ůŬĂůŝ ĂŶĚ ĂůŬĂůŝŶĞ ĞĂƌƚŚ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ͬƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĂůƚƐ ŝŵƉĂƌƚ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐ ĐŽůŽƵƌƐ ƚŽ Ă ŶŽŶůƵŵŝŶŽƵƐ ŇĂŵĞ͘ 'ŝǀĞ ƚǁŽ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ ŽĨ
ĞĂĐŚ ƚLJƉĞ͘
ϵ͘ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŽŶ ;ĂͿ ƐŽĚŝƵŵ ;ďͿ ĐĂůĐŝƵŵ͘
ϭϬ͘ ,Žǁ ĚŽ ƚŚĞ ĂůŬĂůŝ ĂŶĚ ĂůŬĂůŝŶĞ ĞĂƌƚŚ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ŽĐĐƵƌ ŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͍ 'ŝǀĞ ƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘
ϭϭ͘ ,Žǁ ĚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŵĞƚĂůƐ ƌĞĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŽdžLJŐĞŶ͍
;ĂͿ ƐŽĚŝƵŵ ;ďͿ ŵĂŐŶĞƐŝƵŵ ;ĐͿ ƉŽƚĂƐƐŝƵŵ ;ĚͿ ďĂƌŝƵŵ

How do metals and nonmetals differ in their physical and
chemical properties

The main points of difference between the physical and chemical properties
of metals and nonmetals are given in Table 7.2 and 7.3.

Table 7.2 Comparison between physical properties of metals and nonmetals
Physical properties Metals Nonmetals
1. Physical state Metals (except mercury and gallium) are Nonmetals are gaseous, liquid or solids
solids under ordinary conditions. (except C, B and S) having low boiling
Mercury and Gallium are the only metals points. Bromine is the only nonmetal which
which are liquid under ordinary conditions. is liquid under ordinary conditions.
Solid nonmetals break up into pieces when
pressed hard or hammered. For example,
sulphur and red phosphorus are brittle.
2. Atomicity Metals do not form discrete molecules. Molecules of nonmetals are usually
Therefore, they are considered monoatomic. polyatomic. For example, oxygen (O ),
2
nitrogen (N ), hydrogen (H ), etc. are
2
2
diatomic. Phosphorus is tetratomic (P ) and
4
sulphur is octatomic (S ).
8
3. Hardness Metals (except alkali metals) are hard. Nonmetals are, in general, soft. Diamond
Sodium can be easily cut with a knife. is an exception. It is the hardest substance
known.
4. Malleability and Metals are malleable and ductile, that is, Nonmetals are brittle, i.e., nonmetals are
ductility metals can be beaten into thin leaves and neither malleable nor ductile.
drawn into thin wires. %CTDQP ſDTG KU JQYGXGT FWEVKNG
Gold and silver are among the most
malleable metals.
Gold, silver and copper are among the most
ductile metals.