Page 209 - Chemistry ICSE Class X

Metallurgy 195

;ĂͿ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ ŽĨ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ͍
;ďͿ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ŽƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ͘
;ĐͿ tƌŝƚĞ ƚǁŽ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ͘
ϴ͘ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĞƋƵĂƟŽŶƐ ;ŽŶůLJͿ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƵƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďĂƵdžŝƚĞ ďLJ ĂĞLJĞƌ͛Ɛ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘
ϵ͘ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ ŝƐ ĂĚĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂůƵŵŝŶĂ ƚŽ ůŽǁĞƌ ŝƚƐ ŵĞůƟŶŐ ƉŽŝŶƚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽůLJƚĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ĂůƵŵŝŶŝƵŵ͘
;ĂͿ EĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ͘
;ďͿ tƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ͘
;ĐͿ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽůLJƚĞ͍

Uses of Iron, Zinc and Aluminium

What are the uses of iron
Iron is the most widely used metal. Its uses, however, mainly depend
upon its carbon content. Depending upon the carbon content, iron may be
ENCUUKſGF KPVQ VJG HQNNQYKPI VJTGG ENCUUGU

ƒ Cast iron (2 – 4.5% carbon)
ƒ Wrought iron (0.12 – 0.25% carbon)
ƒ Steel (0.25 – 1.5% carbon)
Some most common uses of iron are
ƒ Cast iron is used for manufacturing wrought iron and steel. It is
generally used for making stove burners, gutter pipes, railway
sleepers, etc.
ƒ Steel is used for the manufacture of permanent magnets, engine parts,
utensils, surgical equipments, springs, gears, drive shafts, armour
plates, etc.
ƒ Wrought iron is used for making anchors, wire ropes, bolts, chains
and agricultural appliances. ŝŶĐ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŐĂůǀĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
What are the uses of zinc ŝƌŽŶ͘ dŝŶ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƟŶŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŝƌŽŶ
ƉůĂƚĞƐͬƐŚĞĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƉƉĞƌͬďƌĂƐƐ
Zinc is used ƵƚĞŶƐŝůƐ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ njŝŶĐ ĂŶĚ ƟŶ ĂƌĞ ƵƐĞĚ
ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ŝƌŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƌƵƐƟŶŐ͘
ƒ for galvanisation of iron.
ŝŶĐ ǁŚŝƚĞ ƉĂŝŶƚ ŝƐ ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ǁŚŝƚĞ
ƒ as a reducing agent. ůĞĂĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƚ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ďůĂĐŬĞŶ ŽŶ
ƒ for making alloys, such as brass, bronze and German silver. ĞdžƉŽƐƵƌĞ ƚŽ ůŝŐŚƚ ĂŶĚ Ăŝƌ ;ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚƌĂĐĞƐ ŽĨ , ^ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂŝƌͿ͘
Ϯ
ƒ in the metallurgy of silver and gold.
ƒ as anode materials in dry cells.
ƒ as zinc oxide, it is used for making zinc white paint.
ƒ as zinc chromate, it is used as a yellow pigment.
ŽƉƉĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĂůƵŵŝŶŝƵŵ ĂƌĞ ǀĞƌLJ
What are the uses of aluminium ŐŽŽĚ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌƐ ŽĨ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͘ ^Ž͕
ĐŽƉƉĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĂůƵŵŝŶŝƵŵ ĂƌĞ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ
Some common uses of aluminium are: ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů ǁŝƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂďůĞƐ͘
ƒ Aluminium is used to make electrical wires and cables for domestic/
industrial use.
ƒ Aluminium is used to make domestic utensils.
ƒ Thin foil of aluminium is used in packaging food materials, such as
biscuits, chocolates, etc.